As we get older, our bones naturally lose some strength. For many people, that loss happens slowly and without symptoms. You may not realize your bones are becoming weaker until a fracture happens.
Doctors sometimes recommend getting a bone density test, which may help spot bone loss early, before you experience a fracture or other serious injury. But when should you get this test done? And who actually needs one? Here’s some information that can help you decide if it’s right for you.
What Is a Bone Density Test?
A bone density test measures how strong and dense your bones are. The most common type is called a DEXA scan, which stands for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
During the test, which uses a very small amount of radiation and typically takes about 10 to 20 minutes, you lie on a padded table while a scanning machine passes over your body. The test usually focuses on the hips and spine, since fractures often happen in these areas.
The results show how your bone density compares with healthy young adults. Doctors use this information to determine whether your bones are normal, slightly weak (called osteopenia) or affected by osteoporosis.
Why Would You Need a Bone Density Test?
Osteoporosis is sometimes called a “silent disease” because bone loss often happens without symptoms. Many people only discover they have it after a fracture.
Bone density tests can help doctors identify bone loss early and start treatment if needed. Treatments may include lifestyle changes, supplements or medications that help slow bone loss and reduce fracture risk. Early detection can make a difference in protecting long-term mobility and independence.
When Bone Density Testing Is Recommended
It is usually recommended that women have a bone density test starting at age 65 and men begin testing around age 70. But some people should be tested earlier. Your doctor may recommend a bone density test if you:
- Are a woman over age 50 who has broken a bone
- Went through menopause early
- Take medications that weaken bones, such as long-term steroids
- Have certain medical conditions that affect bone health
- Have a family history of osteoporosis or hip fractures
- Are very thin or have lost significant height over time
These factors can increase your risk of bone loss.
If you’re unsure whether you should be tested, talk to your doctor.
How Often Should You Get Tested?
The exact timing of when you should get tested depends on your risk factors and overall health.
If your first bone density test shows normal results, you may not need another test for several years. Some people only repeat the test every five to ten years. If you already have low bone density or osteoporosis, your doctor may recommend testing every one to two years to track changes and monitor treatment.
Is There Any Controversy Around Bone Density Tests?
While bone density testing is widely recommended, some experts believe testing may be overused. In some cases, testing may not change treatment decisions. Others point out that screening too often can lead to unnecessary worry or treatment.
Still, most medical organizations agree that bone density testing is valuable for older adults and people with risk factors for osteoporosis. When used appropriately, the test is considered safe and helpful.
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