Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition that causes widespread pain, fatigue and other challenging symptoms. It affects an estimated 4 million adults in the U.S., or about 2% of the population. While the exact cause of this disease is still unknown, researchers believe it may be linked to abnormal pain processing in the brain, genetics, infections or physical and emotional stress.
One of the biggest challenges with fibromyalgia is that it doesn’t show up on standard medical tests. That means many people struggle to get a diagnosis, often visiting multiple doctors before finding answers. Symptoms can also vary from person to person, making it even harder to recognize. However, certain signs are common among those with fibromyalgia and here are some of the most common ones:
- Widespread pain – The hallmark symptom of fibromyalgia is persistent pain felt throughout the body. This pain is often described as a constant dull ache that lasts for at least three months. It occurs on both sides of the body, above and below the waist. The pain can feel like an ache, burning sensation or sharp, stabbing pain. Even light touches or slight pressure can be painful, a condition known as allodynia.
- Fatigue – People with fibromyalgia often experience extreme tiredness, even after sleeping for long periods. This fatigue can interfere with daily activities and isn't relieved by rest. It can range from a mild, tired feeling to severe exhaustion that comes on suddenly. This overwhelming fatigue can be more problematic than the pain itself.
- Sleep disturbances – Sleep problems are common in fibromyalgia. Many individuals have trouble falling or staying asleep and often wake up feeling unrefreshed. This lack of restorative sleep can worsen pain and fatigue, creating a cycle that's hard to break. Improving sleep quality is crucial in managing fibromyalgia symptoms.
- Cognitive difficulties – Many people with fibromyalgia report problems with thinking and memory, often referred to as "fibro fog." This can include difficulty concentrating, memory lapses and trouble staying focused. These cognitive issues can affect daily tasks and overall quality of life.
- Sensitivity to stimuli – Individuals with fibromyalgia may be more sensitive to various stimuli, such as bright lights, loud noises, certain smells and temperature changes. This heightened sensitivity can make environments that are comfortable for others overwhelming for someone with fibromyalgia.
- Digestive issues – Digestive problems, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), are common in people with fibromyalgia. Symptoms can include abdominal pain, bloating, constipation and diarrhea. Managing diet and stress levels can help alleviate these gastrointestinal issues.
- Mood disorders – Depression and anxiety often occur alongside fibromyalgia. The chronic pain and fatigue can lead to feelings of sadness, hopelessness or worry. Addressing mental health is an important aspect of managing fibromyalgia, as mood disorders can exacerbate physical symptoms.
Recognizing these symptoms is a crucial step toward managing fibromyalgia. If you are experiencing these symptoms, it's recommended that you consult a healthcare professional to receive a proper diagnosis and to discuss treatment options.
